Retail Sales Post Biggest Gain in Seven Months as Consumers Avoid Saving

U.S. retail sales recorded their biggest increase in seven months in July as consumers boosted purchases of motor vehicles and lifted discretionary spending, suggesting the economy continued to gain momentum early in the third quarter.

Retail sales for June and May also were revised higher, which should help to assuage concerns about consumer spending, But persistently sluggish wage growth has pushed Americans to dip into their savings to fund spending. Economists say wage growth has to pick up to sustain consumer spending.

"American shoppers flocked to the malls and even department stores in July, suggesting consumers are well-positioned to propel the economy forward in the second half of the year," said Sal Guatieri, a senior economist at BMO Capital Markets in Toronto.

The Commerce Department said on Tuesday that retail sales jumped 0.6 percent last month, the largest gain since December 2016. June's retail sales were revised to show a 0.3 percent gain instead of the previously reported 0.2 percent drop.

Economists had forecast retail sales increasing 0.4 percent in July. May's retail sales were revised to show no change instead of the previously reported 0.1 percent dip. Retail sales increased 4.2 percent in July on a year-on-year basis.

Excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services, retail sales surged 0.6 percent last month after an upwardly revised 0.1 percent gain in June. These so-called core retail sales, which correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product, were previously reported to have dipped 0.1 percent in June.

Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic activity, increased at a 2.8 percent annualized rate in the second quarter. That boosted GDP growth to a 2.6 percent rate in the April-June period.

The acceleration in consumer spending in the second quarter came at the expense of savings, a trend that economists say is unsustainable. Annual wage growth has struggled to break above 2.5 percent.

LOW SAVINGS A CONCERN

The saving rate has dropped to 3.8 percent in the second quarter of this year from a rate of 6.2 percent in the second quarter of 2015. Low savings and tepid wage growth suggest households would need to borrow to maintain spending.

"The decline in the saving rate, however, raises some longer-term concerns about consumer spending," said Michael Feroli, an economist at JPMorgan in New York. "Savings can't drop indefinitely and future consumption growth will need to rely on stronger income growth."

Motor vehicle sales climbed 1.2 percent in July, the biggest rise since December 2016, after advancing 0.9 percent in June. Faced with a huge inventory of unsold cars, auto dealerships are resorting to hefty discounts to attract buyers.

Prices for new motor vehicles recorded their biggest drop in nearly eight years in July and have decreased for six straight months. Prices could decline further as a separate report from the Labor Department on Tuesday showed the cost of imported motor vehicles fell in July for the second consecutive month.

Retail sales in July were also buoyed by a 1.2 percent jump in receipts at building material stores. That followed a 1.1 percent increase in June. Sales at online retailers vaulted 1.3 percent in July, the largest gain since December 2016, likely buoyed by Amazon.com's Prime Day promotion.

Sales at restaurants and bars rose 0.3 percent. Receipts at sporting goods and hobby stores also increased 0.3 percent.

But sales at electronics and appliance stores slipped 0.5 percent last month. Sales at clothing stores fell 0.2 percent after rising 0.7 percent in June. Clothing retailers are struggling with falling traffic in shopping malls and increased competition from Amazon and other online retailers.