The U.S. House of Representatives rejected a two-month extension of an expiring payroll tax cut, escalating a clash with the Senate and President Barack Obama that may result in smaller paychecks for workers in January.

In a 229-193 vote, the House requested formal negotiations on a payroll tax cut extension with the Senate, where Democratic leaders say they won’t discuss a year-long agreement until the short-term deal is completed. All House Democrats joined seven Republicans in voting against the Republican rejection.

The impasse might hurt consumer spending and economic growth. If Congress can’t reach agreement, the 2-percentage- point payroll tax cut would expire Dec. 31 and workers’ paychecks would be reduced. Expanded unemployment benefits also would expire, and doctors would receive smaller Medicare reimbursements starting in January.

In an appearance in the White House briefing room today, Obama said the Senate bill is the “only viable” option for preventing the tax cuts from expiring before the end of the year. He said Republicans were trying to “wring concessions” on matters unrelated to the tax cut.

Republicans countered that there is still time to negotiate a deal.

“Our economy is too weak and the American people have been struggling for far too long” for Congress to come up short of an agreement, said Representative Dave Camp, a Michigan Republican and chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. “We have two weeks to find a solution.”

Paying the Cost

Most lawmakers agree that the tax cut should ultimately be extended through 2012. They differ on how to cover the cost to the Treasury and on what other policy changes should accompany the extensions.

Over the past two weeks, those disagreements have ballooned into a high-stakes partisan power struggle. Each party is preparing to blame the other if the tax cut expires and they begin discussing retroactive laws.

“You have said many times that Congress must do its work before taking vacation,” House Speaker John Boehner wrote in a letter to Obama today. “Because we agree, our negotiators and the House stand ready to work through the holidays. I ask you to call on the Senate to return to appoint negotiators so that we can provide the American people the economic certainty they need.”

Negotiators Chosen

Boehner announced after the vote that he had chosen eight Republican House members to be negotiators on the bill. They are Representatives Kevin Brady of Texas, Camp, Renee Ellmers of North Carolina, Nan Hayworth of New York, Tom Price of Georgia, Tom Reed of New York, Fred Upton of Michigan and Greg Walden of Oregon.

Democrats maintain that the best way to provide certainty for businesses would be to pass the two-month extension and then work on the longer-term proposal.

In a statement issued after today’s vote, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada called the House action “unconscionable” and again insisted he wouldn’t negotiate until the two-month tax cut extension is passed.

“As the clock ticks towards a middle-class tax hike, I would implore Speaker Boehner to listen to the sensible Senate Republicans and courageous House Republicans who are calling on him to take the responsible path,” Reid he said.

Economic Growth

Failure to enact the legislation would reduce economic growth by 1.5 percentage points in the first half of 2012, according to a forecast by Michael Feroli, chief U.S. economist at JPMorgan Chase & Co. in New York. The world’s largest economy will grow at an average 1 percent annual pace in the first six months of the year should the tax cut lapse, or by 2.5 percent if it’s extended, Feroli said in a Dec. 16 note to clients.

House Republicans maintain that a two-month extension of the tax cut passed by the Senate 89-10 on Dec. 17 would fail to provide the certainty that businesses need and would cause administrative hassles for payroll providers and employers. They have said they’re willing to work through the rest of the year to reach an agreement.

House leaders haven’t announced whether all of the members will stay in Washington, or whether they will be free to leave after votes are concluded today.

Illinois Representative Peter Roskam, the chief deputy Republican whip, said he expected that leaders would advise House members to keep their schedules flexible and be prepared to return to Washington if needed on short notice.

Back Next Week

Robert Aderholt, an Alabama Republican, told reporters that he expected to come back next week.

“We’re standing on principle,” he said. “We’re trying to get things done through regular order. I’m very comfortable defending that position.”

The House-passed bill, which includes a year-long extension of the tax cut, cost $202.4 billion in forgone revenue. The parties disagree on how to cover the cost of the bill so that it doesn’t add to the federal budget deficit. The payroll tax funds Social Security. It also included spending cuts, such as a pay freeze for civilian federal employees and Medicare premium increases for high-income taxpayers.

The Senate’s $33 billion bill would require Obama to make a decision within 60 days on TransCanada Corp.’s Keystone XL oil pipeline. The bill’s cost is covered by raising the guarantee fees that Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Administration charge to lenders for new mortgages.

Senators’ attempt to negotiate a year-long extension or an 11-month extension fell short because lawmakers couldn’t agree on how to pay for the provision.